| add |
additional material of unknown origin |
| arrow (->) |
from - to, in detailed system |
| brackets, square ([]) |
surround the number of cells |
| cen |
centromere |
| colon, single (:) |
break, in detailed system |
| colon, double (::) |
break and reunion, in detailed system |
| comma (,) |
separates chromosome numbers, sex chromosomes, and chromosome abnormalities |
| decimal point (.) |
denotes sub-bands |
| del |
deletion |
| de novo |
designates a chromosome abnormality which has not been inherited |
| der |
derivative chromosome |
| dic |
dicentric |
| dup |
duplication |
| fra |
fragile site |
| h |
heterochromatin, constitutive |
| hsr |
homogeneously staining region |
| i |
isochromosome |
| ins |
insertion |
| inv |
inversion |
| mar |
marker chromosome |
| mat |
maternal origin |
| minus sign (-) |
loss |
| p |
short arm of chromosome |
| parentheses |
surround structurally altered chromosome and breakpoints |
| pat |
paternal origin |
| plus sign (+) |
gain |
| q |
long arm of chromosome |
| question mark (?) |
questionable identification of a chromosome or chromosome structure |
| r |
ring chromosome |
| rec |
recombinant chromosome |
| s |
satellite |
| sce |
sister chromatid exchange |
| semicolon (;) |
separates altered chromosomes and breakpoints in structural rearrangements involving more than one chromosome |
| slant line (/) |
separates clones |
| t |
translocation |
| ter |
terminal (end of chromsome) |
| upd |
uniparental disomy |